What Is the Difference Between a Corporation and an S-Corporation?

Choosing the right business structure is a critical decision that can impact everything from taxation to management. Two popular options are the Corporation and the S-Corporation (or, “S-Corp”). While they share some similarities, they also have distinct differences that make them suitable for different types of businesses. Let’s explore these differences to help you make an informed decision as to which entity is best for your company.

What is a Corporation?

A corporation is a legal entity that is separate from its owners. It is formed under state law and provides limited liability protection to its shareholders, meaning that their personal assets are generally protected from the company’s liabilities and debts.

A corporation has the following key characteristics:

• Ownership: Corporations can have an unlimited number of shareholders, including individuals, other corporations, and foreign entities.
• Management: A corporation is managed by a board of directors elected by shareholders.
• Taxation: Corporations are subject to double taxation. The company pays taxes on its profits, and shareholders pay taxes on the dividends they receive.
• Stock: Corporations can issue various classes of stock, each with different rights and privileges.

What is an S-Corporation?

An S-Corporation, or S-Corp, is a special type of corporation created through an IRS tax election. This structure allows a corporation to pass corporate income, losses, deductions, and credits directly to shareholders to avoid double taxation.

An S-Corp has the following key characteristics:

• Ownership: Ownership of an S-Corp is limited to 100 shareholders, and shareholders must be U.S. citizens or residents. Only individuals, specific trusts, and estates can be shareholders.
• Management: Similar to a traditional corporation, an S-Corporation is managed by a board of directors and officers.
• Taxation: S-Corps enjoy pass-through taxation, meaning profits and losses are reported on the shareholders’ personal tax returns. This avoids the double taxation faced by traditional corporations.
• Stock: S-Corps can only issue one class of stock, although voting rights within that class can vary.

What are the Key Differences Between a Corporation and an S-Corporation?

Based on the above characteristics, there are four distinct differences between corporations and S-Corporations. These are:

• Taxation: The most significant difference is taxation. Corporations face double taxation, while S-Corps allow profits and losses to pass through to the owners’ personal tax returns.
• Ownership Restrictions: S-Corps have strict ownership rules, limiting the number and type of shareholders, whereas corporations have no restrictions.
• Stock Flexibility: Corporations can issue multiple classes of stock, while S-Corps are limited to one class.
• Formality and Compliance: Both structures require adherence to corporate formalities, but S-Corps may have additional compliance requirements to maintain their tax status.

In the End…

Choosing between a corporation and an S-Corporation depends on your business’s specific needs and goals. If you prioritize flexibility in ownership and stock options, a corporation might be the better choice. However, if minimizing taxes is a priority and you meet the eligibility criteria, an S-Corporation can provide significant tax advantages. Consult with legal and tax professionals to make the best decision for your business.

Contact Anthony Jones for Help

When you are ready to open a new business or take your current business to the next level, Anthony is here to help. He can help ensure that your operations provide you with the tax and liability protections that best fit your short- and long-term plans. He’ll work closely with business owners throughout California, providing individualized and strategic advice to help a businesses run smoothly. Contact him now and get the skilled business advice that you deserve.